What is included in the chemical characteristics of wastewater?

The chemical characteristics of wastewater primarily involve the measurement of substances that can be quantified chemically and provide insights into the pollution load and treatment needs of the wastewater. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and phosphorus are critical indicators in this context.

TOC represents the total amount of carbon in organic compounds present in the water, signifying the level of organic pollution that can potentially affect water quality and treatment processes. Phosphorus, on the other hand, is a nutrient that can lead to eutrophication in water bodies, making it a significant concern in wastewater management. Both of these parameters are essential for assessing the chemical composition, potential environmental impact, and required treatment processes for wastewater.

In contrast, the other options primarily focus on physical characteristics (such as color, turbidity, and odor) or biological traits (like BOD and microbial population), which are also important but fall outside the specific realm of chemical characterizations. Thus, the focus on TOC and phosphorus in the correct answer highlights the importance of understanding chemical parameters that influence wastewater treatment and environmental health.